Scenario : Here we will use two HDD (10 GB and 5 GB) to create 3 LVM ( LV1, LV2 and LV3) which will be sized as 2 GB, 3 GB and 4 GB respectively and will mapped as /data1, /data2 and /data3 accordingly.
Solution:
Step 1: Check that 2 HDD is attached or not
[root@rhel7 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000aab0f
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 1026047 512000 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 1026048 21506047 10240000 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 21506048 25700351 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda4 25700352 41943039 8121344 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 25702400 40038399 7168000 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x44245958
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Disk /dev/sdc: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes, 10485760 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
[root@rhel7 ~]#
Step 2: Now we prepare this HDD s as for Linux LVM
[root@rhel7 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): n [n for new partition]
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): [default p for primary partition]
Using default response p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): [default 1 for 1st partition]
First sector (2048-20971519, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-20971519, default 20971519): +6G [Partition size 6 GB]
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 6 GiB is set
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x44245958
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 12584959 6291456 83 Linux [Here partition is created for Linux now we have to change it for Linux LVM]
Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x44245958
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 12584959 6291456 8e Linux LVM
Command (m for help): w [w for write and save]
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@rhel7 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000aab0f
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 1026047 512000 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 1026048 21506047 10240000 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 21506048 25700351 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda4 25700352 41943039 8121344 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 25702400 40038399 7168000 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x44245958
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 12584959 6291456 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sdb2 12584960 14682111 1048576 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/sdc: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes, 10485760 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x6cba2f17
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 2048 4196351 2097152 8e Linux LVM
[root@rhel7 ~]#
Step 5: Now we will create two PV , one using /dev/sdb1 and /sdc1 and another using /dev/sdb2
[root@rhel7 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1
Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created
Physical volume "/dev/sdc1" successfully created
[root@rhel7 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb2
Physical volume "/dev/sdb2" successfully created
[root@rhel7 ~]# pvdisplay
"/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "6.00 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdb1
VG Name
PV Size 6.00 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID dntVQt-iu1N-S3aD-PnCm-di0p-UPwd-QDkAJy
"/dev/sdc1" is a new physical volume of "2.00 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdc1
VG Name
PV Size 2.00 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID FDZxdu-fGSk-PPgx-k5in-OJ8X-uTBO-RkKNsq
"/dev/sdb2" is a new physical volume of "1.00 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdb2
VG Name
PV Size 1.00 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID MqHd3I-QbR0-vVS9-qmJ0-jPc7-oiHE-nMdH8R
[root@rhel7 ~]#
Solution:
Step 1: Check that 2 HDD is attached or not
[root@rhel7 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000aab0f
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 1026047 512000 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 1026048 21506047 10240000 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 21506048 25700351 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda4 25700352 41943039 8121344 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 25702400 40038399 7168000 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x44245958
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Disk /dev/sdc: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes, 10485760 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
[root@rhel7 ~]#
[root@rhel7 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): n [n for new partition]
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): [default p for primary partition]
Using default response p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): [default 1 for 1st partition]
First sector (2048-20971519, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-20971519, default 20971519): +6G [Partition size 6 GB]
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 6 GiB is set
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x44245958
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 12584959 6291456 83 Linux [Here partition is created for Linux now we have to change it for Linux LVM]
Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x44245958
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 12584959 6291456 8e Linux LVM
Command (m for help): w [w for write and save]
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
Step 3: Now we can check that /dev/sdb1 partition is prepared for Linux LVM or not
[root@rhel7 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000aab0f
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 1026047 512000 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 1026048 21506047 10240000 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 21506048 25700351 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda4 25700352 41943039 8121344 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 25702400 40038399 7168000 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x44245958
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 12584959 6291456 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/sdc: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes, 10485760 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
[root@rhel7 ~]#
Step 4: Now we will create another two partition using above process with 2 GB and 1 GB size for Linux LVM
Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000aab0f
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 1026047 512000 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 1026048 21506047 10240000 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 21506048 25700351 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda4 25700352 41943039 8121344 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 25702400 40038399 7168000 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x44245958
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 12584959 6291456 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sdb2 12584960 14682111 1048576 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/sdc: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes, 10485760 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x6cba2f17
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 2048 4196351 2097152 8e Linux LVM
[root@rhel7 ~]#
Step 5: Now we will create two PV , one using /dev/sdb1 and /sdc1 and another using /dev/sdb2
[root@rhel7 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1
Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created
Physical volume "/dev/sdc1" successfully created
[root@rhel7 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb2
Physical volume "/dev/sdb2" successfully created
[root@rhel7 ~]# pvdisplay
"/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "6.00 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdb1
VG Name
PV Size 6.00 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID dntVQt-iu1N-S3aD-PnCm-di0p-UPwd-QDkAJy
"/dev/sdc1" is a new physical volume of "2.00 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdc1
VG Name
PV Size 2.00 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID FDZxdu-fGSk-PPgx-k5in-OJ8X-uTBO-RkKNsq
"/dev/sdb2" is a new physical volume of "1.00 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdb2
VG Name
PV Size 1.00 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID MqHd3I-QbR0-vVS9-qmJ0-jPc7-oiHE-nMdH8R
[root@rhel7 ~]#
Step 6: Now we will create a vg named linux and allocate two pv into it
[root@rhel7 ~]# vgcreate -s 16M linux /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdc1
Volume group "linux" successfully created
[root@rhel7 ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name linux
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 3
Metadata Sequence No 1
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 0
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 3
Act PV 3
VG Size 8.95 GiB
PE Size 16.00 MiB
Total PE 573
Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0
Free PE / Size 573 / 8.95 GiB
VG UUID HLlZVq-29Wg-FpcI-0P3R-9NI1-aTKE-EJswOC
Note: Here physical extent (PE) size 16 MB, 4 MB is default
Step 7: Now we will create a lv1, lv2 and lv3 named lv1 with vg linux
[root@rhel7 ~]# lvcreate --name lv1 --size 2G linux
WARNING: ext4 signature detected on /dev/linux/lv1 at offset 1080. Wipe it? [y/n] y
Wiping ext4 signature on /dev/linux/lv1.
Logical volume "lv1" created
[root@rhel7 ~]# lvcreate --name lv2 --size 3G linux
WARNING: ext4 signature detected on /dev/linux/lv2 at offset 1080. Wipe it? [y/n] y
Wiping ext4 signature on /dev/linux/lv2.
Logical volume "lv2" created
[root@rhel7 ~]# lvcreate --name lv3 --size 3.5G linux
Logical volume "lv3" created
[root@rhel7 ~]#
[root@rhel7 ~]# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/linux/lv1
LV Name lv1
VG Name linux
LV UUID ZhsY0L-LVEY-8RIS-fZue-wWaf-TMNK-7mPivm
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time rhel7, 2016-01-26 16:22:47 +0600
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 2.00 GiB
Current LE 128
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:0
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/linux/lv2
LV Name lv2
VG Name linux
LV UUID FmRcHL-2GfR-dBFQ-VYP1-NaA1-J1Mw-dbxxBU
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time rhel7, 2016-01-26 16:23:09 +0600
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 3.00 GiB
Current LE 192
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:1
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/linux/lv3
LV Name lv3
VG Name linux
LV UUID ez17be-QV8v-KG8b-mcTp-g8rx-sm36-tctaX1
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time rhel7, 2016-01-26 16:23:27 +0600
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 3.50 GiB
Current LE 224
Segments 3
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:2
[root@rhel7 ~]#
Step 8: Now create file system (ext4)
[root@rhel7 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/linux/lv1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
131072 inodes, 524288 blocks
26214 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=536870912
16 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (16384 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
[root@rhel7 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/linux/lv2
[root@rhel7 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/linux/lv3
[root@rhel7 ~]#
Step 9: Now create three directory (/data1, /data2 and /data3) to mount three lvm
[root@rhel7 ~]# mkdir /data1
[root@rhel7 ~]# mkdir /data2
[root@rhel7 ~]# mkdir /data3
Step 10: Now mount three lvm
[root@rhel7 /]# mount /dev/linux/lv1 /data1
[root@rhel7 /]# mount /dev/linux/lv2 /data2
[root@rhel7 /]# mount /dev/linux/lv3 /data3
[root@rhel7 /]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2 9.8G 7.3G 2.6G 75% /
devtmpfs 486M 0 486M 0% /dev
tmpfs 494M 80K 494M 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 494M 7.1M 487M 2% /run
tmpfs 494M 0 494M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda5 6.9G 33M 6.8G 1% /data
/dev/sda1 497M 118M 380M 24% /boot
/dev/mapper/linux-lv1 2.0G 6.0M 1.8G 1% /data1
/dev/mapper/linux-lv2 2.9G 9.0M 2.8G 1% /data2
/dev/mapper/linux-lv3 3.4G 14M 3.2G 1% /data3
[root@rhel7 /]#
